Publications on Phoslock

Key documents
Additional information
Results of toxicity tests
Background information
Case study reports
Articles in Scientific Journals

Key documents

Additional information

Results of toxicity tests

An Overview of Phoslock and Use in Aquatic Environments ( 2mb )
Phoslock - April 2011: Phoslock Risk Assessment ( 633Kb )
Phoslock - May 2010: Overview on ecotoxicity results ( 800Kb)
Lake Simcoe, Ontario - July 2009: Phoslock toxicity testing ( 737Kb, external)
Phoslock - June 2009: Lanthanum and human health ( 120Kb)
Uniquest Drinking Water Risk Assessment (for Phoslock) ( 95Kb)
ECOTOX, Australasia - July 2008: Toxicity assessment of granulated phoslock to the cladoceran ceriodaphnia ( 1.01Mb)
ECOTOX, Australasia - November 2006: Toxicity assessment of phoslock to the freshwater shrimp macrobrachium ( 259Kb)
ECOTOX, Australasia-March 2006: Toxicity Assessment of Two Phoslock formulations to the eastern rainbowfish ( 280Kb)
NIWA, New Zealand - October 2004: Determination of HSNO Ecotoxic thresholds for granular phoslock Phase 1 acute toxicty ( 568Kb)
NIWA, New Zealand - August 2004: Chronic exposure of midge larvae to Phoslock ( 350Kb)
NICNAS, Australia - July 2001 full public report on Phoslock assessment ( 121Kb)
CSIRO, Australia (Stauber & Binet, 2000) Canning river phoslock field trial - ecotoxicity testing final report ( 239Kb)
CSIRO, Australia (Stauber,2000): Toxicity testing of modified clay leachates using freshwater organisms ( 165Kb)
Wageningen University, Netherlands - February 2009: Effects of Lanthanum and Lanthanum-modified clay on growth, survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna ( 297Kb)

Background information

Case study reports

Articles in Scientific Journals

Recovery of Lake Varese: Reducing trophic status through internal P load capping (2013). Authors: Crosa, G. , Yasseri , S., Nowak, K.E., Canziani, A., Roella, V. & Zaccara, S.
A novel technique for reducing bioavailable phosphorus in water and sediments (1999). Authors: Douglas G. B. , Adeney J.A. & Robb M.S.
Chemical lake restoration products: sediment stability and phosphorus dynamics (2010). Authors: Egemose, S., Reitzel, K., Andersen, F. Ø. & Flindt, M. R.
Assessing the responses of aquatic macrophytes to the application of a lanthanum modified bentonite clay, at Loch Flemington, Scotland, UK (2014). Authors: Iain D. M. Gunn, I.D.M., Meis, S., Maberly, S.C. & Spears, B.M.
A novel lanthanum-modified bentonite, Phoslock, for phosphate removal from wastewaters (2009). Authors: Haghseresht,F., Wang,S. & Do, D.D.
Research and application of in-situ control technology for sediment rehabilitation in eutrophic water bodies (2012). Authors: Liu, B., Liu, X.G., Yang, J., Garman, D., Zhang, K. & Zhang, H.G.
Effects of lanthanum and lanthanum-modified clay on growth, survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna (2010). Authors: Lürling, M. & Tolman, Y.
Phosphorous control in a eutrophied reservoir (2013). Authors: Márquez-Pacheco, H., Hansen, A.M,& Falcon-Rojas, A.
Assessing the mode of action of Phoslock® in the control of phosphorus release from the bed sediments in a shallow lake (Loch Flemington, UK) (2013). Authors: Meis, S., Spears, B. M., Maberly, S. & Perkins, R
Investigation of nutrient thresholds to guide restoration and management of two impounded rivers in south-western Australia (2014). Authors: Novak, P.A. & Chambers, J.M.
Lanthanum: A Safe Phosphate binder (2006). Authors: Persy, V.P., Behets, G.J., Bervoets, A.R., De Broe, M.E., & D’Haese, P.C.
Phosphate adsorption by lanthanum modified bentonite clay in fresh and brackish water (2013). Authors: Reitzel, K., Andersen, F.O., Egemose, S. & Jensen, H.S
Application of PhoslockTM, an innovative phosphorus binding clay, to two Western Australian waterways: preliminary findings (2003). Authors: Robb,M., Greenop, B., Goss, Z., Douglas,G. & Adeney, J.
The effect of pH and anoxia on the performance of PhoslockTM, a phosphorus binding clay (2008). Authors: Ross, G., Haghseresht, F.& Cloete, T. E.
Lake responses following lanthanum-modified bentonite clay (Phoslock®) application: An analysis of water column lanthanum data from 16 case study lakes (2013). Authors: Spears, B, M., Lürling, M., Yasseri, S., Castro-Castellon, A.T., Gibbs, M., Meis, S., McDonald, C., McIntosh., J., Sleep, D., & Van Oosterhout, F.
Effects of the novel 'Flock & Lock' Lake restoration technique on Daphnia in Lake Rauwbraken (The Netherlands) (2010). Authors: Van Oosterhout, J.F.X. & Lürling, M.